Piston-packing for explosion-engines.



J. J. MoGEB. IIsfIoN PACKING Eon EXPLOSION ENGINES.

uPLIoA'rIoN FILED SEPT. s, 1901. I 901,023, v Patented 0ct.13,1908. a snEms-snsnfr I. v

J. J. MGGEE. EISTON PACKING PoE EXPLOSION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED BEPT.5, 1907. 90 1,023. Patented oct. 13, 1908. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

JOHN J. MCQE'E, or NEW YoEK.' N. Y., Assi NOR OF ONE-HALF T0 ANTHONY F. S. GEOGHEGAN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

PIBTON-PACKING FOB EXPLOSION-ENGINES.

No. golpes.

A Specification o! Letters Patent. Application filed September 5, 1,907.

Patented Oct. 13, 1908.

Serial No. 391,419.

To all whom it may concern:

Be lit known that l, JOHN J. MCGEE, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of New York, in the borough of Brooklyn and State of' New York, have invented certain new and useful vimprovements in Piston-Packing for Explosion-Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, :index-.ict description. i

My invention relates to a construction of piston ring or packing, particularly for use in hydrocarbon engines, for automobiles, etc., where up to the present time thoroughly satisfactory results have not been obtained. Reference is also to be had to my companion applications Serial Nos. 392,074 and 392,975. Unless the cylinders and pistons of eXplosion engines are' made with the very greatest care, being finished, ground and lead-lapped with painstaking and expert workmanship, there 1s considerable leakage. '.lhe diiiieulty is 4aggravated by the fact that' in explosion engines the cylinders are watcr--cooledi'while.

the piston is not, so that the latter expands in use and must have its mainv coreor body very loose'to avoid binding in the cylinder bore. On the other hand, the power of explosion engines is peculiarly sensitive to losses of pressl'ire during the compression stroke, especially in origines where t iecom- )ression is carried up to a very high degree; lt is not usual l'or an explosion engine Ato iold the compression for more than a. few seconds, when the crank is turned over and held 'for the purposes ci making a test. ln my experiments, l have discovered that the loss of pressure takes place almost entirely beneath the iiston ring or rings and particularly at the Joint thereof. ln order toovercome this trouble, l have adopted a rather couiplicated construction which is found to hold the com pression in practice.

lwill first. ully describe the preferred ordinary embodiment of my invention, with the aid of the drawings, and thereafter point out the theoretical principles involved.

In the drawings: Figure 1- is a sectional 'view of a piston :for an explosion engine having a packing ring embodying the principles of inv invention; Fig. 2 is u section on the ine 4ll.--ll of Fi '1 looking in the direction of the arrow; 3 and 3 are )ers tive views of the respective ends o single necking ring showing the foi-motion of e lap or Joint; Fig. 4

,of the piston body l.

.able leakage,

koe

-the outer edge of which `is conical.

is a sectional view showing ay slightly modi fied construction; Fig. 5 iss-'a side -view of one of the rings employed therein; 6. is a. perspective view showing a detail.; Fig. Y is a detail sectional view of slight modifico.n tion; Fig. 8 is another sectional 'View showing a slightly different modification.

Referring to the drawings in which like parts are designated by the same reference sign, l indicates the main body of the'piston having the usual transverse in 2 to receive' the pitman or connecting ro 3 indicates the main packing ring 'with parallel end faces 4 fitting snugly in a groove The ring 3 is ringy and has a single lap or joint. ln tii's respect, it is of the ordinary construction.

The joint or lap which I have adopted is intended to overcome the defect of ordinary piston ringvjoints which allow the gases to pass down through one side of the joint nnderneath the ring', and up tl'irough the other side of the joint. `For this piunose .l cut and spread the ring, and then inill one end as shown in Fi 3, the essential characteristicv being a fiat and a peri heral fiace 6 coaxial with the exterior sur ace of. the ring and extendil'ig beyond `the end of the face 5. ,'Ei'fw other end of the piston ring shown in Fig. t. s milled to fit the endv shown in 3, 1n all mots. l provide vmeans for liee'pn'ig 'the packing ring 3, with one. of its at side. lo esse tightly aga-inst the wall oi' it ming groove. The purpose of this to j .eelude the gases passin .Jeneath the ring. and also to avoid weer, or if the piston ring can be kept tightly against one of its walls at all times, the usual knocking iii its rroove' is prevented and the resultant weer a most eli-- tirely overcome. The piston rin is thus kept properly fitting, which is highly. iniportant, as a little weer may cause considerespecially in rings of the or- The means which I employ for )in v the piston ring borne against the oia its groove includes a spring ring` 7,

conica-l face 8 ot this ring is directed toward the packing ring 3 and bears constantly thereagainst, the jiacking ring being correspondingly bevele or coued as shown, lso ats to receive the constant bearing enga ement. The sprin resiliency of the ring is, o. course, ra ially outward, and a component dinary sort.

w al

lvl)

ace 5 parallel with the faces,

' --tant practical ofthis force is imparted to the another component packing ring desired; but of the spring pressure of the ring 7 is in an endwise direction against the packing ring 3, so that the latter is borne tightly against a side Wall of its containing groove. This ei'ectivel prevents wear and. leakage in the manner a ove-men- 3 nnpelling -it outward as is tioned.

keeps thc ring 7 against the opposite wall of 'form ofthe invention.

the groove, so that a gas-tight fit in both directions is insured. As an additional precaution I ordinarily form a rib or tenon 9 on the under side of the packing ring which enters a corresponding groove 10 in the piston body. This rib or tenon 9 obviously acts as a gate to cut-ofi' the flow of gas-beneath the packing ring at all points about its circumterence. From another aspect the piston body may be said to be formed with an annular rib 9 integrally continuous throughout its entire circumference side the tenon to forni a gate. gas-tight joint. taken to prevent wear, it is possible to use copper instead of cast iron as a material, which is very advantageous in that it does not cui'. the cylinder Walls under any circumstances, and moves with less friction and less lubrication. I consider this as an imporadvantage resulting from the structure of my invention, although, of course, not in itself constituting a feature 9 and cooperating therewith The rcs-ult is substantially a .of my invention.

In Fig. ai. a slight modification is shown adapted yto a very large piston. .In this iigure the parts corresponding to those of Figs. l to 3 inclusive are correspondingly denominatcdby reference characters, and need not be again described. In place of the rib or, tenon 9,1 forni. a pair of tenons 9 on the packing rin and. cooperating witha spring ring il-'lordinarily of steel, so 'as to be very resilient. The form of this ring is that of a Greek cross in sectional outline, the inner.

and outcrribs 15 and 1G entering the groove between tl'ietenons U 1n the packn'ig ring 3 and a. corrcspomhng groove in the piston hodyl, so as to make a gas-tight enga-gement. The two lateralA ribs ot the ring 14 Also in this give it stiit'ness or resiliency,

I make use of a box which is a wall 18 adapted to'fit tigl'itly evident that if this and lying 'along- )n account of the means at the location of a joint therein.4 .The part 17 has a portion 19 underlying the packing ring and a stein 20 fitting in a hole 21 so as to be anchored .inv place. 22 indicates a spring forcing the part 17'outwardl'y. It is box or part is kept with its Wall 18 -opposite thejoint of the packing ring, and constantly pressed outward, that it constitutes an effective barrier to preventthe gases from Howin through the joints of the packing ring.- lnerely an extra. precaution, the ring being itself adapted to Wholly prevent the flow of the gases therethrough. In Fig. 7, a spring ring of H-form is shown in place of the cross-shaped ring 14:. This form of ring has a double rib or tenon 24, in place of the single rib or tenon 15 to, coperate with the packing ring and prevent the flow of gases therebeneath.- In Fig. 8, the packing ring is place of the tenon 9 shown in Fig. 1. These are merely illustrated as obvious modifications, not departing from the spirit of the invention.

An additional feature is illustrated in Fig. 4. In some cases, the packing rings are so stiff, that they .cannot be sprung over the body of a piston into their grooves. In such cases, it is possible to make use of a circular plate or disk 30 threaded on to a boss 31 at the end of the piston and secured by bolts 32. The plate 30 is merely reduced in diameter at one side, and properly formed to receive the packing rings, etc., after which it is secured upon the boss 31 and bolted in place. In this Way, the packing rings may be assembled Without springing them over the end of the piston.

Considered from a theoretical standpoint, the present piston packing is sis-tight for the following reasons: It 1s a act' that in a properly constructed ring leakagedoes not occur between it and the cylinder walls. The leakage might occur between the right hand face 4 of the packing ring 3 (in Fig. 1) and the wall of its containing groove. The gases passing through this opening would, however, meet the Wedge ring7 w ich is pressed mitwardly by its own resi ie cy. The gases could not get by this ring, yxlept perhaps at the joint thereof. Should they get past, they will be intercepted Aby the T is device is, of course,

. shown with an internal V-shaped tenon 25 in tenon 9, and still moreV eiliciently by the left I y hand face 4 of the packing ring which is kept tightly borne against the wall of its groove.

The'latt'er is a feature of'special 1mportance, because it keeps the gases which leak into the space beneath the packing ring under pressure therein, so that these gases keep thering borne outward against the ,/ylinde'r Wall. A, very` gases into Athe spas-.e beneath the packing ring is therefore not particularly objectionable. The only remaining possible place for slight leakage of the leakage is at the lisp joint ,of the ring 3, as

' shown in Figs. 3

receive rin with a conical outer.:

-lntercepted by the wall f ing a groove,l l ing ring having a transverse wldth to exactly 30 and 3*. Gases might leak past the'face w '(Fig. 3)` but these would be a'nd as this wall is not subjected to wear, th'ere is no reason why it should not remain permanently tight.

y The gases leaking'into the space zu' cannot pass 'ownward under thring-because they are'intercepted Vby the surface 6, and this is likewise true on the other side of the -ringat the surface y. The surfaces 5 and G are 1m- `portant 'ones in the construction, and these are. very carefully finished. ANeither is subto wear in use so that it should remain jected l With a packing ring of tight indefinitely.

this sort, it -is found that leakage 1s almost' enti rely overcome. What I claim, is i 1. In combination with a piston body having a groove', a packing comprising a packing ring having an intcriorlweb or tenou, said 'groove being recessed 'at its bottom to said web or tenon, and a spring wedge edge engaging' said pac mg ring to force the same endwise and outward.` i

a packing comprising a packi. 2. In comlination with a' piston body havfit the width 'of said groove, and a spring Wedge ring-with a conical outer edge engaglng said packing ringon an interior surface thereof and entlrelyv within said groove, to force sncli packing ring endwise and outward.

3. In combination'with a piston body having a groove, a packing comprising a packing ring havin Ya transverse width toexactly fit the width o said groove, andan expansible wedge ring with a conical outer'edge en ag' I ing said packing ring at. an interior sur ce thereof within saidA groove to force the pa'ckf ing ring endwise and outward. 4

, 4. A `packing for pistons eumprsner a packing ring`,"a spring wedge ring wit a conical outer edge enga 'ngsaid packing j Si? to force the same en wise and outward, an additional spring ring beneath the packing rin and forcing' the same outward.

5. A pac ing for pistons comprising a a spring wedge ring with a ge engaging said packing same endwise and outward,

packing eng, conical outer ed ring to forc the Vlng a plate exten --and bolfe and an additional spring ring beneath the?.

packing ring and forcing the same outward, said last mentioned' rin having .a rib or tenon engagement with t e -packlng ring to constitute a steam-tight joint therewith.

6. A packing for' pistons vcomprising a packing ring havin a joint, and a part havwith a flat face engaging the same,said part being constrained at lar position on the piston.

7. A packing for pistons y packing ring having a joint, a plate extending alongside the flat face engag1ng-the-same, said part being ing alongside ,the jointA a predetermined angu- A comprising part having a.

joint with a constrained at a predetermined angular position on the piston, and a spring for. impelling saidpart outward. Y

8. A packing for pistons' comprisin a." packing ring, a

rirg to force thesame en wise and outwaI an outline beneath the packing ring a ing the san-` mhz-'ard I 9. A pac.A ang for pistons com rising l packing ring with parallel end aces and aving a single joint, said joint having one fiat face parallelto said end faces and located between the same, co-axial with theoutside but of si .ier diameter, ring with a conical outer packing ring to force the outward. i

10. In combination vwith a piston having a` vbean-- surface of the and a spring wed threaded protnheranceor boss thereon, a

plate having oraal edgeb reduced diameter,

` acking ring, and a packing ring within sai groove. 11. A packing for YpistonsV comprisin a acking rin'g having its interior sur ace ormed with, a rib or tenori,

ing ring to force the same endwls'ea ward;

` In witness whereof, I ture, yin the presence of two witnesses. l

` ,JOHN J; MCGEE. Witnesses:

WALno M. MAY Bum.

ClmriN,

a spring ring of cross-shaped.stionalv spring wedge-ring wit a V. conical outer edge enga lng said packllnf g and a curved face Y e685 edge engaging'sald same endwise undj l' i' d to thatI piston, whereby'agroove 1s Aproduced to contain a y and a spring ring. f lwith a coni al outer edge engaging said ackout- , 10o subscribe my signa- 

